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Kit d’embrayage : Pièces, remplacement et tarif

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kit d'embrayage
Remplacement du kit d'embrayage

Trois pièces principales forment le kit d’embrayage : Le mécanisme d’embrayage, le disque et la butée. Ces composants fonctionnent simultanément à l’aide du volant moteur. En appuyant sur la pédale d’embrayage, les 3 pièces sont dissociées pour permettre le changement de rapport de vitesse. Il est recommandé de le contrôler le tous les 60.000 km.

Trouvez le meilleur garagiste pour remplacer le kit d’embrayage de votre voiture en 3 clicks

De quoi est composé le kit d’embrayage ?

Les composants d’un kit d’embrayage.

Pour démarrer votre voiture, il vous faudra appuyer sur l’embrayage pour dissocier le moteur de la boîte à vitesse. Les véhicules sont équipés soit par un embrayage mécanique, soit par embrayage hydraulique. 

En sollicitant la pédale d’embrayage par la puissance de votre pied, l’embrayage répercute cette force au kit de l’embrayage. Trois composants forment celui-ci:

  • La butée ;
  • Le mécanisme ;
  • Le disque d’embrayage.

La butée d’embrayage est activée lorsque la pédale est enfoncée. Le câble d’embrayage est alors activé. La butée déclenche à son tour le mécanisme de l’embrayage qui presse le disque sur le volant moteur. 

La transmission de la rotation de votre moteur à l’embrayage est exercée par le volant moteur. Le kit d’embrayage tourne en même temps que le moteur. Pour les dissocier et pouvoir passer les vitesses, vous devez débrayer, c’est-à-dire appuyer sur la pédale d’embrayage.  

En lâchant la pédale d’embrayage, le disque se replace sur le volant et le kit d’embrayage se remet à nouveau à tourner.

Quelle est la durée de vie du kit d’embrayage ?

La durée de vie des composants du kit diffère d’une pièce à l’autre. Le disque d’embrayage est le composant le plus fragile du kit et son usure intervient plus rapidement que le reste des pièces. En effet, l’épaisseur de sa garniture se réduit petit à petit à force de sollicitations lorsque vous débrayez.

Les conditions d’utilisation de votre voiture ont un impact sur la durée de vie du kit. Les premiers contrôles doivent intervenir dès 60.000 kilomètres. Si l’un des composants est usé, il est recommandé de changer toutes les pièces du kit.

Plusieurs signes sont révélateurs d’usure du kit d’embrayage :

  • Claquement lorsque vous débrayez
  • Passer les rapports de vitesse devient difficile
  • Dégagement de l’odeur du brûlé
  • Le véhicule patine

A chaque passage de vitesse, vous sollicitez tous les composants du kit. Leur bon fonctionnement permet un passage fluide des rapports. Si l’une des pièces est usée et non remplacée, cela risque d’endommager d’autres pièces telle que la boîte à vitesse.

Un kit d’embrayage défectueux impacte le bon fonctionnement de votre véhicule, augmente la consommation et risque d’altérer le moteur. La conduite sera inconfortable et plus risquée.

Comment remplacer le kit d’embrayage ?

Remplacement du kit d’embrayage.

Le remplacement relève des professionnels de la mécanique. Il requiert de l’expérience et des outils adaptés dont un centreur d’embrayage. L’opération est délicate et demande le démontage de la boîte à vitesse.

Matériel :

  • Boîte à outils
  • Kit d’embrayage
  • Centreur d’embrayage
  • Cric
  • Chandelles

Etape : Soulever la voiture

Avant de soulever la voiture, desserrez les écrous des roues. Placez correctement le cric et élevez votre véhicule. Placez les chandelles et retirez les roues. Mettez hors service votre batterie en la débranchant.

Etape 2 : Démonter le kit d’embrayage

A ce stade, il vous faudra retirer la commande d’embrayage et la boîte de vitesses. Sur certains modèles, vous ne serez pas obligé de retirer la boîte à vitesse pour accéder à l’embrayage.

Vous êtes à présent en mesure de retirer le kit d’embrayage. Immobilisez le volant moteur et retirez un à un les vis fixés sur cette pièce. Dégagez par la suite les composants du kit d’embrayage, le mécanisme, le disque et la butée.

Etape 3 : Placer le nouveau kit d’embrayage

C’est la première pièce à monter suivie du mécanisme. Effectuez l’opération à l’aide d’un centreur d’embrayage. Remplacez minutieusement chaque vis, fixez la butée et remettez la boîte à vitesse. Vérifiez que toutes les pièces retirées ont été fixées correctement.

Quel est le prix du kit d’embrayage ?

Le prix dépend du modèle de votre véhicule et des marques. Les garagistes recommandent souvent de remplacer également le volant moteur s’il s’avère être usé. Pour effectuer une telle réparation, la facture varie entre 400 et 1000 € environ.

Trouvez le meilleur garagiste pour remplacer le kit d’embrayage de votre voiture en 3 clicks

Vous aurez compris que le kit d’embrayage est une pièce centrale qui permet de relayer l’énergie générée par le moteur à la boîte de vitesses, puis aux roues. Il est composé de pièces dont la durée de vie dépend fortement de votre style de conduite. Aucun entretien particulier n’est préconisé. Il est conseillé d’examiner les différentes pièces dès 60000 kilomètres.

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