La dump valve est une pièce intégrée au turbocompresseur de votre véhicule dont le rôle est de réguler la pression du turbo. Elle permet de prolonger la durée de vie du turbo et équipe principalement les voitures à motorisation essence. Vous retrouvez dans cet article tout ce que vous devez savoir sur cette pièce : son rôle, les symptômes d’usure, son réglage et le prix de son remplacement.
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Comment fonctionne une Dump valve ?

Appelée également soupape de décharge, cette pièce réduit la pression d’air produite par le turbo compresseur. Elle est conçue avec une membrane à ressort et un piston qui lui permet de laisser échapper l’air. Elle est positionnée sur le tuyau d’admission.
Lorsque le turbo est sollicité, il produit une pression très élevée. Pour la faire chuter, le piston va intervenir avec l’aide du boîtier papillon. Rapidement, la décélération se produit grâce au soulèvement du piston. On retrouve 3 types de Dump valve :
- A un seul piston : elle est montée sur les turbos des motorisations diesel peu puissantes. C’est le modèle le moins coûteux.
- A double piston : on la retrouve sur les motorisations essence. Les performances du turbocompresseur se trouvent améliorées grâce aux deux pistons.
- Electronique : c’est le modèle le plus performant. Il a la particularité d’être adapté aux motorisations diesel et essence.
Sur votre carnet d’entretien, vous retrouverez le modèle exact de cette pièce montée sur votre turbocompresseur.
Comment savoir que la dump valve est HS ?
Lorsqu’un dysfonctionnement se manifeste sur la pièce, plusieurs symptômes se produisent dont :
- Des pertes en phase d’accélération : en sollicitant votre moteur, la voiture accélère de façon discontinue ;
- Un manque de puissance : Le moteur n’arrive plus à monter en régime et perd en performance ;
- Un sifflement à l’accélération : le sifflement se fait entendre lorsque vous sollicitez la puissance de votre moteur. Il émane du filtre à air qui est lié au turbo et à la dump valve
- La voiture cale : le moteur va caler notamment lorsque la voiture est à l’arrêt.
Une dump valve hors d’usage fait subir plusieurs dysfonctionnements à votre véhicule. Dès les premiers signes, faites contrôler votre voiture par un garagiste. Celui-ci va utiliser une valise de diagnostic et effectuer plusieurs tests pour localiser le problème.
Comment réaliser le réglage d’une dump valve ?

La pièce n’est réglable que sur certaines marques et modèles de voiture. Cela n’est donc possible que pour certains types de valves.
Le réglage porte sur le niveau de pression nécessaire à l’ouverture de la dump valve. Situé entre 1 et 3 bars, ce réglage va généralement impacter le bruit qui se dégage de votre turbocompresseur.
Si votre véhicule est équipé d’une dump valve réglable, il faudra :
- Régler les tours : l’opération est à réaliser au niveau de la molette supérieure de la valve à faire tourner dans un sens horaire ou anti-horaire. Le but est d’atteindre entre 16 et 25 clics selon les paramètres de votre véhicule.
- Adapter les ressorts : En dévissant les vis, vous allez probablement tendre ou détendre les deux ressorts situés à l’intérieur de la dump valve.
Pour réaliser une telle opération, l’automobiliste doit avoir une bonne connaissance de la mécanique automobile et particulièrement du système d’admission.
Combien coûte le remplacement de la dump valve ?
Du simple au double, son prix varie selon la marque et le modèle du véhicule. La dump valve à fonctionnement électronique peut atteindre les 250€ tandis que celle à piston unique ou boucle ne dépasse pas les 150€. A cela s’ajoute le coût de la main d’œuvre nécessaire pour réaliser le changement de la pièce. Le garagiste aura besoin d’environ 2 heures de travail sur votre voiture.
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Le budget total de cette réparation se situe entre 200€ et 500€. Il comprend le prix de la la pièce et celui de la main d’œuvre.
La dump valve est une pièce centrale du système d’admission de votre voiture. C’est un élément clé du turbocompresseur qui demande un entretien afin de préserver les autres pièces du système.
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